Which solution is recommended for wound irrigation?

Sterile saline solution is the recommended choice for wound irrigation due to its isotonic properties, which means it has a similar salt concentration to that of the body's cells. This characteristic helps to cleanse the wound effectively without causing further irritation or damage to the tissue. It allows for the removal of debris and bacteria while maintaining a moist environment that is conducive to healing. Furthermore, sterile saline minimizes the risk of introducing contaminants and supports optimal healing conditions.

While hydrogen peroxide can be utilized for initial wound cleaning, it is often discouraged for routine irrigation as it can be cytotoxic to cells involved in the healing process. Distilled water, although free from impurities, does not provide the same osmotic balance as saline, which can lead to cell lysis (damage to cells). Tap water is not sterile and can introduce bacteria, presenting a risk of infection, thus making it less suitable for irrigating open wounds.