Which condition could lead to diffusion problems in gas exchange?

An asthma attack can significantly affect the process of gas exchange within the lungs. During an asthma attack, the airways become inflamed and constricted, which reduces airflow and makes it difficult for oxygen to enter the lungs and for carbon dioxide to be expelled. This constriction hampers the ability of gases to diffuse effectively across the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to inadequate oxygenation of the blood and retention of carbon dioxide.

In contrast, while excessive coughing can be a symptom of respiratory issues, it does not itself cause diffusion problems but may be a reaction to existing conditions. High altitude adaptation involves physiological changes that typically improve gas exchange efficiency despite lower atmospheric pressure and oxygen levels. Increased physical activity usually enhances lung function and overall gas exchange by increasing ventilation and improving circulation. Thus, an asthma attack stands out as the condition most directly associated with diffusion problems in gas exchange.