What is the role of chemoreceptors in respiration?

Chemoreceptors play a crucial role in the regulation of respiration by detecting levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood. These specialized sensory receptors are located primarily in two areas: the carotid bodies and the central nervous system, particularly the medulla oblongata. When the levels of carbon dioxide increase or oxygen levels decrease in the blood, chemoreceptors send signals to the respiratory centers in the brain, prompting adjustments in breathing rate and depth to maintain homeostasis. This process ensures that the body maintains adequate levels of oxygen for metabolism and removes excess carbon dioxide, which is vital for maintaining the body's acid-base balance.

While other functions like triggering the cough reflex, absorbing oxygen, or regulating body temperature are important for overall respiratory and physiological function, they are not the primary roles of chemoreceptors in the context of respiration.