What does inhalation refer to?

Inhalation refers to the active process in which the muscles of the rib cage and diaphragm contract. During this process, the diaphragm moves downward, and the intercostal muscles between the ribs contract, expanding the chest cavity. This creates a decrease in pressure within the thoracic cavity compared to the outside atmosphere, allowing air to flow into the lungs. This process is crucial for bringing oxygen into the body, which is necessary for various physiological functions. Understanding inhalation as an active process highlights the involvement of muscular efforts in respiration, distinguishing it from passive processes that occur at other times, such as during exhalation.